1. Bought from Seaouke Yue [You Xiaoxi] 游筱溪of Shanghai, in New York. For price, see Original Miscellaneous List, p. 341. $75.
2. (Undated Folder Sheet note) Original attribution: Chinese. Chou [Zhou] 周. See further, S.I. 1429, Appendix IX.
3. (Undated Folder Sheet note) Sp. G. is 2.949.
4. (Isabel Ingram Mayer, 1946) Chou [Zhou] 周dynasty. With later repairs.
5. (Howard Philip Stern, 1956) Box for this piece purports this jade to be from the collection of Viceroy Tuan Fang [Duanfang] 端方.
6. (Elisabeth West Fitzhugh, 1957) Nephrite. X-ray diffraction. Film F 507. The gray material at one end is diopside (Film F 475).
7. (H. Elise Buckman, 1964) The Envelope File which has now been destroyed, stated: "Excavated at Hwang Ling [Huangling] of Lo Yang [Luoyang] 洛陽, in Honan [Henan] 河南."
8. (Thomas Lawton, 1973) The following information was carved on the box in which this object arrived: "Chou tsung [Zhou cong] 琮. T'ao chai ts'ang yu [Taozhai cang yu] 陶齋藏玉."
9. (Thomas Lawton, 1978) Attribution changed from Chou [Zhou] 周to Shang 商.
10. (Julia K. Murray, 1982) For a discussion of the Shang 商 type of small, undecorated ts'ung [cong] 琮of which F1919.51 is an example, see Folder Sheet F1917.74.
11. (Jeffrey Smith per Keith Wilson, July 17, 2008) Ceremonial object added as secondary classification.
12. (Susan Kitsoulis per Keith Wilson, April 20, 2010) Object name changed from "Cong 琮" to "Ceremonial object." Title changed from "Cong 琮" to "Tube (cong 琮)."
13. (Najiba Choudhury per Keith Wilson, 8/2/17) Title changed from "Tube (cong)" to "Tube (cong 琮)"; Period One changed from "Shang dynasty" to "Late Neolithic period"; Date changed from "ca. 1600-1050 BCE" to "ca. 3000-ca. 1700 BCE"; Object Name changed from "Ceremonial object" to "Tube".
14. (Najiba Choudhury per Keith Wilson, July 27, 2018) Chinese Translation by Jingmin Zhang added; and changed Description from "Chinese. Shang Dynasty. Squared, hollow cylinder of the type "ts'ung;" projecting collar at both ends; semitranslucent, greenish gray with opaque black and brown, one pinkish area. Broken at both ends and roughly mended with gray cementlike material, corner chipped. Box." to "Squared, hollow cylinder of the type ts'ung [cong] 琮; projecting collar at both ends; semitranslucent, greenish gray with opaque black and brown, one pinkish area. Broken at both ends and roughly mended with gray cement-like material, corner chipped. Acquired with a box, now lost."