Dagger-axe (ge 戈), fragment reworked

1. Original Folder Sheet note indicates name of source and location at date of acquisition. Source address listed in this record is most current.
 
Acquired in China as study material by Kuang chung Tung [Dong Guangzhong] 董光忠 (Carl Whiting Bishop's assistant for the Freer Gallery China Expedition, 1923--34). Transferred from the Study Collection: SC-X452K.

2. (Undated Folder Sheet note) See F1979.33 for entry from Julia K. Murray, A Decade of Discovery: Selected Acquisitions 1970--1980 (Washington, D.C.: Freer Gallery of Art, 1979).

3. (Julia K. Murray, 1982) For a general discussion of jade ko [ge] 戈 see Folder Sheet F1917.396.
 
See Folder Sheet F1979.33 for references to similar miniature ko [ge] 戈 that have been excavated in China. The jade material of F1979.35 is completely altered to chalky white. The carving is simple and unambitious, suggesting that the ko [ge] 戈 came from a burial.
 
4. (Kate Theimer, drawn from project written by Sarah L. Newmeyer, April 25, 1995) Carl Whiting Bishop was a member of the Freer Gallery staff who made a series of expeditions to China for the purpose of acquiring objects for the collection. The first expedition (1923--1927) was funded jointly by the Freer Gallery and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. The second expedition (1929--1934) was sponsored solely by the Freer. The 758 objects he acquired were accessioned into the Study Collection and were known as the Bishop Collection. Bishop acquired objects by both purchase and excavation. When the method of acquisition is known, it has been indicated in this record. The Freer Gallery Archives contain extensive primary information about Bishop and the expeditions, including Bishop's journal, 4,000 photographs of sites and of many objects, correspondence, and check stubs.
 
5. (Jenny F. So, October 2, 1995) Subject changed from "miniature dagger axe (ko [ge] 戈)" to "miniature dagger-ax (ge 戈)."
 
6. (Stephen Allee per Keith Wilson, June 16, 2008) As per Jenny F. So, Jade Project Database, changed Date from "1300--1050 BCE" to "1600--1050 BCE"; added "Anyang 安陽 period" to Period two. Also changed Object Name from "Weapon: dagger-axe (ge 戈) blade" to "Jewelry"; changed Title from "Miniature dagger axe (Ge 戈)" to "Ge-shaped pendant." Added Dimensions per Christine Lee, from Jade Project Database.
 
7. (Jeffrey Smith per Keith Wilson, July 16, 2008) Jewelry added as secondary classification.
 
8. (Stephen Allee, March 23, 2009) Added designation "nephrite" to Medium as per Janet Douglas using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (January 8, 2009).
 
9. (Rachel Anderson per Jeffrey Smith, October 1, 2010) Transfer of remark from Provenance Field: "Freer Gallery of Art  Study Collection (Bishop Collection) by transfer to the Freer Gallery of Art permanent collection, August 8, 1974.
 
Acquired in China as study material by Kuang chung Tung [Dong Guangzhong] 董光忠 (Freer Gallery Associate Curator, Carl Whiting Bishop's assistant for the Freer Gallery China Expedition) for the Freer Gallery of Art Study Collection (Bishop Collection), 1923--25."

10. (Najiba Choudhury per Keith Wilson, August 17, 2017) Title changed from "Ge-shaped pendant" to "Dagger-axe (ge 戈), fragment reworked"; period one changed from "Shang dynasty" to "Late Shang dynasty"; geography changed from "China" to "China, probably Henan province, Anyang"; date changed from "ca. 1400-1050 BCE" to "ca. 1300-ca. 1050 BCE"; dimensions changed from "H x W x D: 8.3 x 2.4 x 0.3 cm (3 5/16 x 15/16 x 1/8 in)" to "H x W x D: 2.4 x 8.3 x 0.3 cm (15/16 x 3 5/16 x 1/8 in)"; object name changed from "jewelry" to "Axe".

11. (Najiba Choudhury per Keith Wilson, February 13, 2019) Added Chinese translation by Jingmin Zhang.